Dependent Personality Disorder ( Dpd ) - 1265 Words

I. Dependent Personality Disorder: Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) according to the The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is categorized under cluster C in personality disorders exhibiting traits of anxiety and fearfulness. Criteria specifies that an individual demonstrates significant deviation in behavior and life experience according to a person’s cultural norms in at least two of the following areas: impulse control, interpersonal functioning, affectivity, and cognition. Moreover, the disturbance must originate from at least adolescence, exhibiting a prolonged history of consistent indicators across a variety of life circumstances. This pattern is not†¦show more content†¦More significantly, eighty-one percent of women experiencing multiple abusive relationships demonstrated PTSD and higher psychopathology compared to women experiencing a single abusive relationship. Personality disorder symptoms are higher among violent women and female offenders arrested for domestic violence continue to rise in number (Goldenson, Geffner, Foster, Clipson, 2007). Male offenders were found to have history of attachment, trauma, and features of personality disorders. Bornstein (2012) found negative consequences of dependency in incarcerated men with charges of child abuse into the following categories: (a) nonsexual offending psychopaths; (b) sexual homicide perpetrators; and (c) nonviolent pedophiles. Although many dependent clients prefer to use passive, submissive social strategies, most dependent clients are capable of using more assertive, outward expressions of anger, and destructive strategies when key relationships are at risk (Bornstein, 2012). Moreover, DPD has been linked with increased risk of self-harming behaviors such as suicidal gestures causing harm to themselves and others (Bornstein, 2012). More women made previous suicide attempts than the men, and women were more likely to have used or to be using psychotropic medication (Goldenson, Geffner,Show MoreRelatedDependent Personality Disorder ( Dpd )1169 Words   |  5 Pageswhen we become overly dependent on someone. When all of our decisions need to be fully backed, supported, and reassured by others? What happens when we literally can’t be alone and are helpless and fearful without someone by our sides? Well, these symptoms could show evidence of Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD). DPD is a commonly diagnosed cluster C personality disorder in which ones dependence on others becomes impairing to their everyday life. According to the DSM-5 DPD is defined as â€Å"a pervasiveRead More Dependent Personality Disorder Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesof Susan Smith: Dependent Personality Disorder nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On October 25, 1994, Susan Smith drowned her two sons, Michael and Alex, in the John D. Long Lake in Union County, South Carolina. For nine days she lied about knowing where the boys were. On November 3, she confessed to the killings and would soon go to trial. Susan’s defense team hired a psychiatrist to conduct a psychiatric evaluation of her. She was diagnosed as having dependent personality disorder. He described herRead MoreDependent Personality Disorder ( Disney )1948 Words   |  8 Pagesaware of such extreme forms of dependency. Dependent Personality Disorder is the diagnosis of this extreme dependency. Individuals with this disorder can be seen as â€Å"clingy† or â€Å"needy†. The fear of being alone and the need of assurance plague individuals with this disorder. Due to lack of individual initiative advances individuals with this disorder may not prevail in the workplace or educational settings. This paper details dependent personality disorder, its historical roots, symptoms and treatmentsRead MoreDependent Personality Disorder : A Separate Peace2447 Words   |  10 PagesDependent personality disorder, commonly referred to as DPD, has been formally diagnosed in approximately 2.5% of the population of the United States (Faith). Roughly 14% of individuals with a personality disorder have been diagnosed as having DPD (Faith). Dependent personality disorder is believed to affect one out of every 200 adults (â€Å"Dependent†). DPD is also commonly misdiagnosed as Avoidant Personality Disorder, or APD (Faith). 43% of people that are diagnosed with APD also meet the diagnosticRead MoreThe Effects Of Gender And Sex Role Orientation On Attitudes Toward Dependent Personality Disorder2700 Words   |  11 PagesToward Dependent Personality Disorder Dependent personality disorder (DPD) is characterized by a passive need for reassurance, direction, and support. Those with DPD typically view themselves as helpless and weak and others as competent and strong (Disney, 2013). According to the American Psychological Association (APA, 2013), DPD is one of the most commonly diagnosed personality disorders. However, compared to other personality disorders, there has been little research completed on DPD and littleRead MoreDependent Personality Disorder1220 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological Aspect of Susan Smith: Dependent Personality Disorder On October 25, 1994, Susan Smith drowned her two sons, Michael and Alex, in the John D. Long Lake in Union County, South Carolina. For nine days she lied about knowing where the boys were. On November 3, she confessed to the killings and would soon go to trial. Susans defense team hired a psychiatrist to conduct a psychiatric evaluation of her. She was diagnosed as having dependent personality disorder. He described her as a personRead MoreNarcissistic, Antisocial, And Dependent Personality Disorders1535 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss narcissistic, antisocial, and dependent personality disorders. Someone with narcissistic personality disorder would show an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with being admired, and a lack of empathy for the feelings of others (Hooley, p.349). Many studies support the fact that narcissism has two sub types: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism (cain et al.,2008; Ronningstam, 2005, 2012). The grandiose sub-type is manifested by traits related to grandiosity, aggression

Relationship Between Drug And Alcohol Abuse And Domestic...

What is the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse and domestic violence? The relationship between alcohol or other substance abuse and domestic violence is very complicated. A prevailing myth about domestic violence is that alcohol and drugs are the major causes of domestic abuse. In reality, some abusers rely on substance use (and abuse) as an excuse for becoming violent. Alcohol allows the abuser to justify their abusive behavior as a result of the alcohol. While an abuser’s use of alcohol may have an effect on the severity of the abuse or the ease with which the abuser can justify their actions, an abuser does not become violent â€Å"because† drinking causes them to lose control of his/her temper. Many statistics show that the batterers have the tendency to use Methamphetamine and Crack cocaine as their drug of choice. When taking these drugs it is proven that they can cause the batterer to be alert, paranoia and a variety of other unpredictable and adverse reactions. They can also cause people to become irrational, excited, agitated and become unable to control anger or violent impulses within seconds. Many cases that have been reported to the police have shown that the abuser has had some type of drug and alcohol in their system during their dispute. Research has it that the female group is the one that becomes victimized the most and there are several strategies that have been put into place to culminate this issue of violence at home, more especially against women.Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Substance Abuse Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence and Substance Abuse I decided to pick this topic because I was a victim of domestic violence, likely due to substance abuse at one point in time. Every single day was miserable and I had nowhere to go. I didn’t even know that he was using drugs. He was a few years older than me and I was naà ¯ve about what was happening. After several months, I was finally able to have my mom help me move back to Arizona. I have moved on from that chapter in my life, but I have always been curiousRead MoreResearch Proposal- Alcohol Abuse Leads to Domestic Violence1471 Words   |  6 PagesDetermining whether Alcohol abuse leads to Domestic Violence Abstract This study seeks to analyze and examine the effects that alcohol abuse may have on domestic violence cases. The main goal of this study is to determine whether or not alcohol or alcohol abuse really has an affect on people and if it causes domestic violence or not. This study will be helpful in many ways and instances and it will help those who are still wondering whether or not these to completely different socialRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a large social issue around the world that is commonly associated with the mistreatment of women. However, there are many different forms of domestic violence that affect men, women, and children (Domestic Violence 1). Victims of domestic violence may suffer not only physically, but emotionally and mentally as well. Domestic violence is a very important social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse : TypesRead MoreDrugs And Alcohol Of The New World1656 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs and alcohol are â€Å"commonplace words in our society† (Stevens Smith, pg. 1). They are common themes at â€Å"celebrations, religious rituals, during recreation and for pain relief† (Stevens Smith, pg. 1). Some people though abuse drugs. We see more instances of people â€Å"both young and old abusing drugs† (Stevens Smith, pg. 1). We’ll discuss how â€Å"common drug abuse is, who it affects and how it correlates to violence, child and domestic abuse† (Stevens Smith, pg. 1). Drugs and AlcoholRead MoreSubstance Abuse Within Correctional Setting978 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse in Correctional Setting Assessment psychology has examined individuals who are criminal offenders who were evaluated to determine their personalities to which they have a long history with. Approximately well over a century ago, Mà ¼nsterberg, 1908, Vaccaro Hogan, 2004 who are all psychologists has managed a improved study on criminal offenders that will allow us all to have an ambiguous understanding of how the process of his research in reference to the criminalRead MoreNfl Domestic Abuse805 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy Now 1 The area of interest I chose was domestic violence/abuse from an show titled: An NFL Wife Tell Her Story: Intimidated Spouses Followed â€Å"Code of Silence† Around Domestic Abuse. This topic is common among the players in the National Football League (NFL). The date this show was posted is Tuesday, September 16, 2014. The key presenter(s) that discussed the topic were as followed: Amy Goodman (Journalist and columnist for radio show Democracy Now!) and Dewan Smith-Williams (Wife ofRead MoreSong Analysis: We Found Love by Calvin Harris Essay1034 Words   |  5 Pagesand of mixed race, one parent being black and the other being Caucasian. Their relationship is distinguished by domestic violence as the couple is seen yelling, pushing and hurting one another, along with stealing from convenience stores, gambling and abusing drugs and alcohol together. The main problems with the music video and lyrics of â€Å"We Found Love† are the androcentric representation of the couple’s relationship and living arrangements and how it is justified by biological determinism alongRead MoreEssay on Domestic Violence and the Effect It Has on Family1582 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks helpRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pageslifetime (Domestic Violence Statistics, 2015). The topic that will be studied with the paper is in timate partner violence or another term that can be used is domestic violence. Domestic violence or intimate partner violence is the systematic pattern or control or power perpetuated by one partner against another (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.). Throughout the paper the term domestic violence and intimate violence will be used interchangeably. The misconception is that domestic violenceRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Abuse1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdoing things they should not. Alcohol is one of those things. Alcohol is extremely easy to get ahold of. It can be attained from anywhere; there are bars and liquor stores on every corner. One can get alcohol in grocery stores, gas stations, people can even brew it themselves if they know how. Alcohol that is commonly abused comes in a large variety ranging from weaker alcohols like wine and beer to stronger substances like tequila and vodka. When one abuses alcohol it taints the minds of even the

Childhood Vaccinations The Reality Behind the Debate Free Essays

string(270) " panoply of childhood diseases are a far less serious threat than having a large fraction \(say 10%\) of a generation afflicted with learning disability and/or uncontrollable aggressive behavior because of an impassioned crusade for universal vaccination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦\." Childhood Vaccinations Brandi DeLuca Bryant Stratton College ENGL 101 Alexis Vaughan December 17, 2012 Childhood Vaccinations Child vaccinations have become a huge debate with new expectant parents as well as parents who already have children. Should children be vaccinated? A great majority of pediatricians believe that yes, children should be vaccinated. However, there are many groups that disagree with vaccines because they believe vaccines are doing more harm than good. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Vaccinations: The Reality Behind the Debate or any similar topic only for you Order Now If that is the case, should we vaccinate our children? The choice to vaccinate our children is a choice every parent must make; there are many risks and side affects with every vaccine, but along with those risks comes the piece of mind knowing that our children are protected against a deadly disease. When a child is vaccinated, the child is administered with a vaccine that is specially made to protect them from a particular disease. The vaccine is created by using a small piece of a microbe that is dead or very weak (Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, 2012, para. 1). By using a very small amount, it eliminates the chance of the patient getting sick. When the injection is administered, the small piece of microbe is introduced into the body’s bloodstream and into the immune system. When the two meet, the immune system creates an antibody that kills the microbe. Once that particular antibody is present within the body, it will always be on defense and ready to fight if that same microbe returns (Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, 2012, para. 1). The first vaccine in the world’s history to be created was the smallpox vaccine in the 1790s by a man named Edward Jenner (Stern Markel, 2005, para, 1). Jenner was a country doctor who lived in Berkeley, England. This is where Jenner administered the world’s first vaccination in 1796 (Stern Markel, 2005, para, 6). The vaccination was created by taking pus from a cowpox lesion on a milkmaid’s hand. This vaccination was than tested on an eight-year-old named James Phipps. The child was unaffected by the vaccine and showed no signs or symptoms of smallpox. Jenner conducted twelve additional experiments all proving that vaccinations helped protect humans against infections. It took over eighteen years after Jenner created the smallpox vaccine for scientists to create new vaccines. In the 1830s after an initial generation had been vaccinated, the United States and Europe saw a decline in smallpox (Stern Markel, 2005, para, 23). Even with the success of the new vaccination, there were people known as antivaccinationists who believed vaccines were an invasion to their privacy and bodily integrity. This is where it began, the debate over vaccinations. During the hospital stay after delivering a baby, the mother will be asked if she would like her child to receive his or her first dose of the hepatitis B vaccination. Many new mothers without hesitation will agree to this vaccine. It is being recommended by a medical professional, why would a parent question them? Yet, many parents do considering that one-third out of the four million babies born in the United States are not vaccinated by the age of two (Aesoph, n. d. , para. 1). Vaccinations are given to children of all ages to prevent or help fight certain possibly illnesses. All childhood vaccinations are given in a series of two or more doses. Depending on the child’s age, the dose and vaccine will vary. Most children should have completed the recommended vaccine schedule by the time they are six years old. The vaccination schedule was designed to build a baby’s immune system from birth and develop as the child gets older. The first vaccination a newborn will receive is the hepatitis B vaccine, which they will typically get prior to leaving the maternity unit. The hepatitis B vaccine is given in three or four different injections over a six-month period (Department of Health and Human Services, n. d. , para. 2). The vaccine protects against hepatitis B, which is a contagious liver disease (Department of Health and Human Services, n. d. , para. 1). The hepatitis B vaccine is considered extremely safe and effective. By the age of six years-old a child could have received as many as ten vaccinations (Department of Health and Human Services, n. d. , para. 1). These vaccines and the dose amount required are: two to three doses of Rotavirus (RV), four doses of Pneumococcal (PCV), three doses of Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV or Polio), four doses of Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis (DTaP), three to four doses of Haemophilus Influenzea (Hib), one dose of Measels, Mumps and Rubella (MMR), two doses of Hepatitis A (HepA), one dose of Meningococcal (MCV4), and one dose of Chickenpox (Varicella) (Department of Health and Human Services, n. . , para. 1). Once a child is older than six months, it is recommended that the child receive the influenza shot as well. Not immunizing children makes them vulnerable to contract a disease that is almost one hundred percent preventable such as rotavirus. The rotavirus vaccine protects children from gastroenteritis, which is inflammation of the stomach and intesti nes. When a child contracts the rotavirus disease their symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and in some cases, vomiting (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011, para. ). â€Å"Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide† (CDC, 2011, para. 1). Around the world, rotavirus is responsible for over half a million deaths a year for children under the age of five (CDC, 2011, para. ). I understand that in third world counrties vaccinations are not always available, but that is over five hundred thousand children who have lost their lives to a disease that a vaccination was created to prevent this exact same problem. People known as anti-vaccinationists say that vaccines do more harm than good. How can that possible be said when over five hundred thousand lives could have been saved had they been vaccinated with the rotavirus vaccine? Association of American of Physicians Surgeons said: Measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and the whole panoply of childhood diseases are a far less serious threat than having a large fraction (say 10%) of a generation afflicted with learning disability and/or uncontrollable aggressive behavior because of an impassioned crusade for universal vaccination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. You read "Childhood Vaccinations: The Reality Behind the Debate" in category "Papers" Public policy regarding vaccines is fundamentally flawed. It is permeated by conflicts of interest. It is based on poor scientific methodology (including studies that are too small, too short, and too limited in populations represented), which is, moreover, insulated from independent criticism. The evidence is far too poor to warrant overriding the independent judgments of patients, parents, and attending physicians, even if this were ethically or legally acceptable. (Vaccination Liberation, 2011, para. ) A doctor by the name of Richard Moskowitz was a pediatrician who after ten years of immunizing children could no longer bring himself to immunize children, even if the parents requested the vaccine (Vaccination Risk Awareness Network, 2012, para. 1). Richard Moskowitz wrote an article that was published in a journal in March of 1983. In the article that he wrote, he believed that by ridding the world of microbial species it would disrupt the balance of nature in ways no one would ev er imagine. He also believed that vaccines were being created simply for the fact that the equipment is there to produce those vaccines and to show that we can manipulate the evolutionary process (Vaccination Risk Awareness Network, 2012, para. 2). When a vaccine is introduced to the body, foreign proteins or possibly live viruses are released into the bloodstream. Moskowitz believed by just that fact alone, the public is entitled to solid proof that vaccinations are safe and fully effective. If children are going to be injected with live viruses in hopes that it will someday protect them from that very same disease, proof that these vaccines pose no harm to the children needs to be presented in a very strong way. Richard Moskowitz said: Most people can readily accept the fact that at times certain laws are necessary for the public good that some of us strongly disagree with, but the issue in this case involves the wholesale introduction of foreign proteins or even live viruses into the bloodstream of entire populations. For that reason alone, the public is surely entitled to convincing proof, eyond any reasonable doubt, that artificial immunization is in fact a safe and effective procedure in no way injurious to health, and that the threat of the corresponding natural disease remains sufficiently clear and urgent to warrant vaccinating everyone, even against their will if necessary. (Vaccination Risk Awareness Network, 2012, para. 2) The choice to vaccinate a child is co mpletely up to the parents. When making the decision there are two sides of the argument to look at. The parent must know all of the pros and cons to both sides of the argument before being able to make an educated decision. What the parent should know is that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates all vaccines currently in the market to make sure they are safe and effective. Prior to the vaccine being FDA approved, there are many tests that the vaccine must go through before being accepted. The FDA’s Center for Biological Evaluation and Research (CBER) is the department that is responsible for monitoring all vaccines in the United States (U. S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2009, para. 1). The vaccines go through three clinical trials, all of which include human studies (FDA, 2009, para. 3). Once the vaccine has been accepted, the FDA will work side by side with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (FDA, 2009, para. 1). The FDA does this by monitoring side effects that a patient or parent may report to their pediatrician after a vaccination has been administered. From my personal experience as a mother to children who have been vaccinated, the most common side effect from a vaccine is a high fever that typically goes away approximately twenty-four hours after the initial injection. The FDA reports that since the beginning of vaccines, many infectious diseases have been eliminated or are now rare (FDA, 2012, para. ). Take rubella for example. In 1964 to 1965 before the rubella vaccine was considered a routine vaccine in the United States, there was an epidemic of rubella (FDA, 2012, para. 2). An estimated 20,000 newborn babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) along with the 2,100 that died shortly after birth and 11,250 miscarriages (FDA, 2012, p ara. 10). CRS is an infection that a fetus can contract during the first trimester while inside the womb of an infected mother (Boston Children’s Hospital, 2011, para. 2). Babies born with CRS can develop heart defects, mental retardation and deafness (FDA, 2012, para. 12). The FDA reported that â€Å"Of the 20,000 infants born with CRS, 11,600 were deaf, 3,580 were blind, and 1,800 were mentally retarded. † (FDA, 2012, para. 10). In 2010, only six cases of CRS were reported (FDA, 2012, para. 10). If the rubella vaccine was for some reason stopped, rubella would return resulting in pregnant women becoming infected and babies would possibly be born with CRS (FDA, 2012, para, 10). Deciding whether or not to have a child vaccinated is completely up to the parent. There are no federal laws that require parents to have their children vaccinated. However, all fifty states require children to have certain vaccinations if the parent wants them to attend a public school. These vaccinations must be completed prior to the child being accepted to the school. Some may see this as the government controlling the vaccination policy and forcing parents to vaccinate their children against their own will. Most parents choose to send their children to school to obtain an education because they believe it is a beneficial choice for their children’s future. If a parent wants this, they must vaccinate the child or they simply are not allowed to attend school. Think about how many children attend a public school on a daily basis and all of the germs that are spread and the viruses that are passed from one child to another. Now think about if those children were not vaccinated and the amount of illnesses that a parent would have to worry about. It would no longer be a simple cold or a case of the flu; it could be rubella, hepatitis B, or even polio. By children being required to have certain vaccinations prior to attending school, can people really say that it is the government forcing us to immunize our children or are they really looking out for the best interest of the children? Of all the many debates surrounding childhood vaccines, autism is the one that most people associate with vaccinations. Autism, which is official called autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a developmental disability caused by a neurological disorder that affects the way an autistic child sees and interacts with the world around them (â€Å"What Is Autism? , 2005, para. 1). The controversy started in 1998 when a study conducted by Andrew Wakefield was published in a British journal called The Lancet (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012, para. 2). In his studies, he stated that the expected amount of children diagnosed with autism in California should have been around one hundred five to two hundred sixty-three cases, according to the Diagnostic Statis tical Manual of Diseases (Wakefield, 1999, para. 4). The actual amount of children diagnosed was one thousand six hundred eight-five cases (Wakefield, 1999, para. 4). Wakefield backed his accusations with proof of examinations from twelve children, all of which had regressive autism (Katz, 2011, para. 4). All twelve children were developing within normal range until symptoms of autistic behavior appeared shortly after receiving their first dose of the MMR vaccine. He claims that there is a link that the MMR vaccine is the possible cause of autism. In the study he conducted there were two test vaccine groups. One group received the MMR vaccine and the other group received any measles-containing vaccine (Wakefield, 1999, para. ). The study group that received the MMR vaccine was reported by the parents to have temporal clustering (Wakefield, 1999, para. 3). This led Wakefield to the conclusion that the MMR vaccine was the possible cause of autism. After the article was published there was a huge decline in children being immunized. Parents believed that the study was accurate and refused to have their children vaccinated resulting in multiple cases of the measles to appear in emergency rooms around America. Once word got around about the article, parents started to associate their child’s autistic behavior with the MMR vaccine. The first MMR vaccine is administered around twelve to fifteen months; the signs of autistic behavior typically appear around fifteen to eighteen months of age (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012, para. 2). This is what led many parents to filing lawsuits claiming the MMR vaccine caused their child to develop autism. Almost all suits at the time were thrown out due to lack of evidence. During an investigation into Wakefield’s accusation of the MMR vaccine being the root cause of autism, researchers tried to replicate Wakefield’s findings but were unable to come up with the same results. An investigation led by a journalist named Brian Deer who worked for British Medical Journal found that five of the twelve children in Wakefield’s study had shown signs of autism prior to even receiving the MMR vaccination (Katz, 2011, para. 5). Once this information was known, more information came out making it look as if the Wakefield study was fraudulent in effort to make money. The investigation by Deer reported that Wakefield’s autism theory was released after Wakefield had been hired by a law firm who was preparing to file a suit against vaccine makers. The British Medical Journal reported that Wakefield was paid approximately five thousand dollars to publish a fraudulent study (Katz, 2011, para. 7). Wakefield has since denied all accusations and still stands by his study that the MMR vaccine is directly related to children being diagnosed with autism. Although the Wakefield study has been recanted by almost every magazine or journal that published the article, there are still parents who stand behind Wakefield saying that his study was accurate and believe that the MMR vaccine is the main cause for their child being autistic. Autism affects one out of every eighty-eight children in the United States and is four out of five times more common in boys than in girls (Autism Speaks Inc. , 2012, para. 1). In recent years, children being diagnosed with autism has went from ten percent up to seventeen percent (Autism Speaks Inc. 2012, para. 5). There is no clear explanation as to why more children are being diagnosed other than research has improved and there is now more awareness surrounding autism. Some could speculate that the world population continues to raise everyday meaning there are more children being vaccinated. With more children being vaccinated, more children are being diagnosed with autism. On the other hand, it could be ju st a coincidence and the nationwide awareness surrounding autism has made parents and pediatricians more likely to take suspicion to autistic like behavior and symptoms. Regardless the reason for more children being diagnosed, autism is a serious disorder that affects many children and even adults that struggle on the daily basis to cope with symptoms of autism. After many hours of research on childhood vaccinations and the possible effects that they may have on our children, I am going to carefully monitor the research being done on vaccines. In a world where diseases and illnesses surround us, it is very important to me to know that my children are protected from these possibly deadly diseases. In all of my research that I id, I never came across any real concrete evidence that any childhood vaccination that is currently on the market is directly related to any serious health concerns. Yes, after receiving a vaccination a child may experience a slight fever or may seem more sleepy than normal; however, I believe these symptoms are nothing compared to what could be if the child was never vaccinated. Prior to a child receiving a vaccination, the vacc ine must undergo many hours of research and clinical studies to ensure that it is safe and poses no medical health concern. The government does not have any federal laws mandating that a child be vaccinated; they do, however, strongly suggest that all children receive the proper vaccines in the suggested time frame in the vaccine schedule created by the CDC to ensure that the vaccine is fully effective in protecting children from any serious illnesses. Every parent has the right to choose whether or not to have their child vaccinated; prior to making this decision it is very important to go over the pros and cons to ensure that they are making an educational decision in their children’s future. References Aesoph, L. M. (n. d. ). Shoot ‘em up on the debate over childhood immunization. Retrieved from http://www. healthy. net/scr/article. aspx? Id=380 Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre. (2012). What is vaccination?. Retrieved from http://microbemagic. ucc. ie/inside_guts/defence_vaccination. html American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012, October 29). MMR vaccine autism. Retrieved from http://www2. aap. org/immunization/families/mmr. html Autism Speaks Inc. (2012). What is autism? What is autism spectrum disorder? Retrieved from http://www. autismspeaks. org/what-autism Boston Children’s Hospital. (2011). Congenital rubella syndrome. Retrieved from http://www. childrenshospital. org/az/Site605/mainpageS605P0. html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, April 22). Rotavirus. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/rotavirus/index. html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012, November 20). What would happen if we stopped vaccinations?. Vaccines and immunizations. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop. htm Department of Health and Human Services (n. d. ). Hepatitis b. Retrieved from http://www. vaccines. gov/diseases/hepatitis_b/index. html# Katz, N. (2011, January 6). Andrew Wakefield: Autism vaccine fraud or conspiracy victim? Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-504763_162-20027552-10391704. html Moskowitz, R. (2012). The case against immunization. Retrieved from http://vran. org/about-vaccines/general-issues/doctors-speak/the-case-against-immunizatons/ Stern, A. M. , Markel, H. (2005, May). The history of vaccines and immunization: Familiar patterns, new challenges. 24(3), 611-621. doi: 10. 1377/hlthaff. 24. 3. 611. U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009, June 18). Vaccine product approval process. Vaccines, Blood and Biologics. Retrieved from http://www. fda. gov/biologics loodvaccines/developmentapprovalprocess/biologicslicenseapplicationsblaprocess/ucm133096. htm U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (2009, December 30). How does FDA assess the safety of vaccines?. Retrieved from http://www. fda. gov/AboutFDA/ Transparency/Basics/ucm194586. htm Vaccination Liberation. (2011, July 22). Lots of great vaccination quotes!. Retrieved fr om http://www. vaclib. org/basic/quotes. htm Wakefield, A. (1999, September 11). MMR vaccine and autism. The Lancet (354)9182, 949-950. doi: 10. 1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8 What is autism?. (2005). Retrieved from http://www. autism-pdd. net/what-is-autism. html How to cite Childhood Vaccinations: The Reality Behind the Debate, Papers

Clinical Reasoning Skills-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Explain your understanding of the Function of Clinical Reasoning Cycle in relation to Nursing Assessment. 2.List any additional Health Assessment data would need to be collected for this patient as part of a focused Nursing Assessment? 3.Considering the Patients Demographics Identify two focused Nursing Assessments that would assist you in Collecting appropriate Data for this Patient? Answers: 1.Clinical Reasoning Cycle is generally considered as an essential prerequisite in Nursing and other allied healthcare profession. It is referred to as the process by which the nurses as well as other healthcare professionals resort to the collection of cues, processing of information, acknowledging and arriving at a suitable understanding on matter relevant to the patient situation and issues. Further, they are capable of undertaking appropriate planning and implementation of interventions in conjunction with carrying out evaluation of outcomes thereby culminating in reflecting upon and learning from the process. It is imperative for effectively utilize the clinical reasoning cycle in order to harbor positive patient outcomes (Nightingale, 2015). In nursing assessment, those nursing personnel who are well equipped with clinical reasoning skills are able to exert positive influence on patient outcomes whereas the opposite holds true for those who fail in acquisition of the relevant s kills. Failure to detect the impending patient deterioration follows for the incapacity to utilize clinical reasoning skills. Thus, clinical reasoning cycle may be recognized as a vital tool for building excellence in rendering patient centered nursing care where possession of skills pertaining to clinical reasoning, critical thinking and reflective practice are crucial that enhances and sharpens with experience and proper training (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). 2.Nursing assessment is a crucial aspect of the treatment modality in case of patient handling to make way for holistic improvements thereby ensuring speedy recovery. In the context of the given case scenario, the patient has been found to suffer from myocardial infarction (MI) and has been admitted in the community healthcare centre for subsequent treatment. Upon admission, the vital parameters of the patient has been noted down by the attending nurse encompassing parameters related to body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature in addition to procuring data relevant to social lifestyle of the patient (Hunger et al., 2015). MI is found to be the resultant consequence of prolonged myocardial ischemia due to inadequate blood supply and terminates in irreversible necrosis and injury of the myocardial tissue and recording of vital signs is not sufficient to monitor response. Additional nursing assessments must include recording of electrocardiogram (E CG) to detect conduction defects, ischemia, injury or infarction. Documentation of the non-verbal and verbal cues along with procurement of information regarding pain including its localization, radiation, duration, intensity and characteristics must also be noted down. Quantification of the pain experienced relative to other experiences must be obtained as well apart from noting family history and prevalence of any other chronic disorder for the patient (McKee et al., 2014). 3.In the process of preparing treatment interventions for the patient, emphasis must be laid on making suitable and focused nursing assessments in order to procure appropriate data in relation to the patient condition. Moreover, it is also vital to consider the patients demographics comprising of the age, gender and lifestyle to pave the way for accurate treatment and consecutive diagnosis. It has been reported that the affected woman is nearing old age and is habituated to sedentary mode of lifestyle and is engaged in high stress employment. Additionally she is accustomed to smoking a packet of cigarettes daily. Therefore, considering all these important paraphernalia focused nursing assessments must be made to aid in proper diagnosis, evaluation and subsequent intervention for the concerned patient (Raskovalova et al., 2014). The age of the patient suggests that she is in post menopausal stage and therefore shows increased predisposition for getting affected by cardiovascular abnor malities. Thus, electrocardiogram must be conducted to derive pertinent data that might highlight the cardiovascular status of the patient thereby allaying the possibility of future recurrence of adverse outcomes following administration of suitable medications and other interventions. Further, assessment of hemodynamic variables must be undertaken to depict the enzymatic status including the creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase alongside other cardiovascular markers such as cardiac troponin, copeptin, leucocytes count and others (McCabe et al., 2014). Thus, these two techniques might satisfactorily assist in collection of appropriate data for making focused nursing assessments. References Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Hunger, M., Kirchberger, I., Holle, R., Seidl, H., Kuch, B., Wende, R., Meisinger, C. (2015). Does nurse-based case management for aged myocardial infarction patients improve risk factors, physical functioning and mental health? The KORINNA trial.European journal of preventive cardiology,22(4), 442-450. McCabe, J. M., Kennedy, K. F., Eisenhauer, A. C., Waldman, H. M., Mort, E. A., Pomerantsev, E., ... Yeh, R. W. (2014). Reporting Trends and Outcomes in ST-SegmentElevation Myocardial Infarction National Hospital Quality Assessment ProgramsCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE.Circulation,129(2), 194-202. McKee, G., Biddle, M., ODonnell, S., Mooney, M., OBrien, F., Moser, D. K. (2014). Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: What influences patients intentions to attend?.European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,13(4), 329-337. Nightingale, K. E. (2015). Embedding Simulation-Based Learning in a Capstone Undergraduate Nursing Subject to Develop Clinical Reasoning Skills. Raskovalova, T., Twerenbold, R., Collinson, P. O., Keller, T., Bouvaist, H., Folli, C., ... Chenevier-Gobeaux, C. (2014). Diagnostic accuracy of combined cardiac troponin and copeptin assessment for early rule-out of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care,3(1), 18-27.